How to grow peanuts

　　1. Selection of high-quality varieties
　　The selection of peanut seeds should be adapted to local conditions. If the growth period is more than 130 days, middle-late maturing varieties should be used, such as Luhua No. 10, etc.: the growth period is 120-130 days, and the middle- and early-maturing varieties should be selected; if the growth period is less than 120 days, early-maturing and very early-maturing varieties should be selected. Such as four red and white sand series varieties.
　　2. Reasonable crop rotation
　　Peanut likes stubble, and continuous stubble and stubble planting not only grow short, but also have serious diseases, which seriously affect the yield and quality. Therefore, a reasonable rotation system must be adopted. The suitable rotation crops for peanuts are grasses, such as corn, wheat, millet and sorghum, etc., and legumes should not be used as the previous crop. The rotation period is 3 to 4 years.
　　Three, site selection, land preparation
　　Choose neutral sandy loam soil with moderate or higher fertility, deep and soft soil layer, and good water and fertilizer retention capacity. Low-lying land that is prone to flooding, sandbag land, leaking water and fertilizer, and barren land with too strong soil sandiness should not be used. It is best to use autumn ploughing and autumn raking for soil preparation, deep ploughing more than 20 cm, raking thinly and flatly, removing root stubble and stones.
　　Fourth, increase the application of manure
　　Combined with soil preparation, apply the planned amount of fertilizer to the ground at one time. Fertilization is mainly based on agricultural fertilizers, supplemented by chemical fertilizers, so that nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium are applied in combination. Generally, 4000-5000 kg of high-quality agricultural fertilizer, 1.0-15 kg of superphosphate, and 7-10 kg of ammonium sulfate can be applied per mu.
　　Five, make a furrow
　　Peanuts are cultivated with plastic film, and they are mostly planted in two rows with wide borders. The border spacing is 100 cm, the border surface width is 70 cm, the border spacing is 30 cm, and the border height is 8-10 cm, in a slightly arched shape. After the border is flattened, the lamination operation can be carried out.
　　6. Coating
　　1. Prepare the film. The mulch film used is 100 cm wide, 0.005-0.009 mm thick, and 4-4.5 kg per mu.
　　2. Spraying. Before mulching, use 0.25-0.3 kg of 48% cable emulsifiable concentrate per mu, add 50-75 kg of water, and spray the border evenly.
　　3. Lamination. Apply film immediately after spraying. When mulching the film, flatten and tighten the film to make the film fit closely with the border surface, and use soil pressure around it tightly.
　　7. Sowing
　　1. Seed treatment. Seed treatment before sowing can not only promote the post-ripening of the seeds, improve the germination potential and germination rate of the seeds, but also ensure that the seedlings emerge neatly and achieve full and strong seedlings. Seed treatment methods are as follows: ① sun-seeding. Before threshing. Choose a sunny day with no wind to dry the pods for 3 to 4 days, then peel and choose the kernels. ② Grain selection. Remove the shriveled, sprouted, moldy, damaged, mixed and discolored kernels, and select full and uniform kernels as seeds, 15-18 kg per mu. ③Soaking seeds. Soak the selected seeds in warm water at 30°C for 3 to 4 hours. ④ germination. The sand bed germination method is adopted, and the sand bed soil is made of sieved fine sand mixed with water. It needs to be moistened but cannot be squeezed by hand. Then, each 500 grams of dry seeds is mixed with 2.5 kg of sand bed soil, and placed in 25- In a greenhouse at 28°C or on the kang head, cover the top with a layer of wet sand or wet sacks. After one day and night, the buds are selected and sown.
　　2. Sowing time. The peanuts are planted by mulching, 10 to 15 days before the last frost, that is, from late April to early May, when the average temperature on that day is stable and passes above 13 ℃.
　　3. Seeding density. Two rows per border, large-grain seed rows and hole spacing 40×17 cm, about 000 holes per mu; medium-grain seed rows and hole spacing 40×16 cm, about 8,000 holes per mu; small-grain seed rows and hole spacing 40×15 cm, about 8800 holes per mu. When sowing, sow 2 or 1-2 seeds alternately in each hole.
　　4. Sowing method. First, use a flat-headed wooden stick with a diameter of 4 cm to vertically pierce a 3-4 cm deep seeding hole on the furrow surface according to the requirements of row and hole spacing. Plant the hole so that the sealing soil forms a small mound.
　　8. Field Management
　　1. Protective film to protect moisture. After sowing, it is necessary to frequently check whether the film is damaged or ventilated.
　　2. Check the seedlings for replanting. When the seedlings are unearthed, it is necessary to check the emergence situation frequently. When it is found that the seedlings are difficult to arch the soil, the soil can be peeled off. After the seedlings are led out, the sowing holes are sealed tightly, and the seedlings are checked and replanted in time to ensure the whole seedlings.
　　3. Remove weeds. After emergence, weeds in seedling eyes should be removed in time. For the miscellaneous apples in the film, the method of pressing soil should be used. Weeds in the furrows should be eradicated in combination with cultivators.
　　4. Control leggy. After the peanut plants are sealed, if there is a phenomenon of leggy growth, 50ppm of paclobutrazol aqueous solution can be sprayed on the foliar surface, 50 kg per mu, to inhibit leggy growth.
　　5. Leaf protection and anti-aging. In order to protect functional leaves, prevent premature senescence, and promote full fruit, in the flowering and full fruit period, if the phenomenon of de-fertilization is found, 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 2% superphosphate can be sprayed 2 to 3 times. Add 1% urea mixture for top dressing outside the root.
　　6. Prevention and control of pests and diseases. ① Leaf rot and leaf spot: In the early stage of the disease, spray 1:2:200 (copper sulfate: quicklime: water) times Bordeaux mixture every 10 to 15 days, or spray 50% thiophanate-1000 times solution for 2 ~ 3 times. ②Grubs and mole crickets: Use 1.5-2 kg of 2.5% trichlorfon powder per mu, mix it into poisonous soil, and combine it with land preparation and ridges and apply it into the soil for control. ③ Aphids: When spotting occurs, spray with 1000-1500 times liquid of 40% dimethoate EC or 1.5-2 kg per mu of 1.5% dimethoate powder.
　　9. Harvest in time
　　When the top of the peanut stops growing, the upper leaves turn yellow, and the base and middle leaves begin to fall off, which means that most of the peanut pods have matured and are in the right time for harvesting. Northeast planting areas are generally in mid to late September. When harvesting, harvest one piece when it is ripe, and put it in a small shop in the field to dry for 2 to 7 days. When the pods are shaken, the pods can be recovered and removed. After the peanuts are harvested, the waste film should be recycled promptly and thoroughly to prevent soil contamination.